Transactions don't seem to cause the problems:

Database header page information:
        Flags                   0
        Checksum                12345
        Generation              1399534
        Page size               16384
        ODS version             11.2
        Oldest transaction      1399407
        Oldest active           1399491
        Oldest snapshot         1399491
        Next transaction        1399516
        Bumped transaction      1
        Sequence number         0
        Next attachment ID      261181
        Implementation ID       16
        Shadow count            0
        Page buffers            0
        Next header page        0
        Database dialect        3
        Creation date           Nov 7, 2018 18:06:33
        Attributes              force write

    Variable header data:
        Sweep interval:         20000
        *END*